Nordmann Fir

Nordmann fir is the Christmas tree that stays. Originally from the mountain forests of Turkey and the Caucasus, where it grows on cool northern slopes between four and six thousand feet elevation, this conifer has found a second career as a specimen landscape tree. It develops a strong columnar form with dense, dark green foliage; the needles are thick, glossy, and flat, with two white stomatal bands on the underside that flash silver when the wind turns them. At forty to sixty feet with a sixteen-foot spread, it eventually becomes a significant presence in the landscape, but the medium growth rate means you have decades before it dominates its site.

Nordmann fir handles wet winters and clay soils with more grace than most ornamental conifers. It takes full sun and moderate moisture without the root rot issues that plague subalpine and noble fir in lowland sites. The 'Golden Spreader' cultivar stays compact with chartreuse to gold foliage, a different proposition entirely from the species form, useful where you want conifer texture without the eventual height. Like other true firs, Nordmann carries susceptibility to root weevils, adelgids, and several needle diseases, but an established specimen in a well-drained site rarely shows problems serious enough to require intervention.