Austrian Pine
Pinus nigra
Pinaceae · coniferous tree · introduced
Last updated
Data Coverage 4 of 6 dimensions
Pinus nigra (Pinaceae) is a large two-needled pine native to the Mediterranean region and the Balkans. It grows to 120 feet tall with a dense, broadly pyramidal crown and dark, deeply furrowed bark. The stiff, dark green needles (3 to 6 inches) are held in pairs.
Austrian pine is widely planted as a landscape and windbreak tree due to its tolerance of urban conditions, salt, drought, and a range of soil types including clay and alkaline substrates. It grows in full sun. The species is susceptible to Diplodia tip blight and Dothistroma needle blight, which have caused significant decline in some regions. Hardy in Zones 4a to 8b.
Quick Facts
Height
120 ft
Spread
26 ft
Growth Rate
Moderate
Light
Full Sun
Soil
Well Drained
Water
Moderate
Hardiness
Zone Zones 4a–8b
Bloom Time
Non-flowering
Origin
TEMPERATE ASIA: Cyprus, Turkey EUROPE: Austria
Phenological Calendar
| Stage | Typical Window |
|---|---|
| New growth flush BBCH 11 | Feb 15-Mar 15 |
| Bloom start BBCH 61 | May 1-May 31 |
| Bloom end / petal fall BBCH 69 | May 15-Jun 15 |
| Fruit/seed development BBCH 71 | Jun 1-Aug 31 |
| Fruit/seed maturity BBCH 85 | Sep 1-Nov 30 |
Diseases (26)
Endocronartium harknessii Western Gall Rust Cronartium ribicola White Pine Blister Rust Phytophthora spp. (P Phytophthora Root Rot Lophodermium spp. Lophodermium Needle Cast Lophodermella concolor Lophodermella Needle Cast Elytroderma deformans Elytroderma Needle Cast Arceuthobium spp. (parasitic plant) Dwarf Mistletoe Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria Root Rot Symptom category — not a single disease Canker Cyclaneusma minus Cyclaneusma Needle Cast Several soilborne Damping-off Dothistroma septosporum (and/or D Dothistroma Needle Blight (Red Band) Botrytis cinerea Gray Mold Heterobasidion annosum Heterobasidion Root Disease In most Hypocotyl Rot and Root Rot Davisomycella medusa Medusa Needle Blight Rhabdocline spp. including R Needle Cast Gymnosporangium spp. Needle Rusts Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Pine Wilt Armillaria ostoyae Root Rot (Armillaria ostoyae) Phytophthora spp. Root Rot (Phytophthora spp.) Excess sodium chloride Salt Damage Sirococcus conigenus Sirococcus Shoot Blight Stem decay Stem Decay Diaporthe vaccinii or Diplodia tip blight agents Tip Blight Diaporthe vaccinii Twig Blight
Pests (23)
Eriophyidae Eriophyid mite Pineus strobi Pine bark adelgid Dioryctria spp. Coneworm Pine Aphid Pissodes strobi White pine weevil Tetranychidae Spider mite Synanthedon sequoiae Sequoia pitch moth Pine Needle Sheathminer Pine Sheath Miner Chionaspis pinifoliae Pine needle scale Pine Butterfly Coloradia pandora Pandora moth Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle Rhyacionia buoliana European pine shoot moth Nuculaspis californica Black pineleaf scale Coneworm and shoot moth Cinara spp. Giant conifer aphid Zelleria haimbachi Pine needle sheathminer Neodiprion spp. Pine sawfly Neophasia menapia Pine white butterfly Eulachnus agilis Powdery pine needle aphid Otiorhynchus spp. Root weevil Schizolachnus piniradiatae Woolly pine needle aphid Pine sheath miner
Cultivars (4)
'Black Prince'
Common name: Black Prince Austrian Pine; Mature height: 4 ft
Hardy to USDA Zone 4
'Moseri'
Common name: Moseri Austrian Pine; Mature height: 5 ft
Hardy to USDA Zone 4
'Oregon Green'
Common name: Oregon Green Austrian Pine; Mature height: 10–12 ft
Hardy to USDA Zone 5
'Arnold Sentinel'