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Eastern White Pine

Pinus strobus

Pinaceae · coniferous tree · native

Last updated

Data Coverage 5 of 6 dimensions
Site Data
Threats
Cultivars
Phenology
GDD Thresholds
Puget Sound

Eastern white pine shares the white pine blister rust vulnerability of western white pine. The same rule applies: do not plant near Ribes species (currants and gooseberries). In the Puget Sound lowlands, the tree grows fast (40 feet by age 20) and develops a graceful, irregular form with age. It prefers well-drained, acidic soil and will not tolerate waterlogged or hardpan-restricted soils. Prune only October through January to prevent sequoia pitch moth from finding fresh wounds. Twenty-six diseases and 26 pests are documented, making it the most heavily burdened pine in our system alongside ponderosa. For lowland sites with decent drainage and no nearby ribes, eastern white pine can work, but it requires monitoring. For a lower-maintenance conifer, consider western redcedar or grand fir.

— Chris Welch, ISA Certified Arborist

Pinus strobus (Pinaceae) is a large five-needled pine native to eastern North America from Newfoundland to Manitoba south to Georgia and Iowa. It grows 80 to 120 feet tall with a distinctive layered, horizontal branching pattern that gives mature trees a picturesque silhouette. The soft, flexible, blue-green needles and smooth gray bark on young trees are characteristic.

Eastern white pine grows in full sun on moist, well-drained, acidic soil. It is intolerant of air pollution, road salt, and alkaline conditions. White pine blister rust and white pine weevil are the most significant threats. Many cultivars are available, from dwarf forms to full-sized shade trees. The species was historically the most important timber tree in eastern North America. Hardy in Zones 3a to 8b.

Quick Facts

Height
30–60 ft
Spread
16 ft
Growth Rate
Fast
Light
Sun to Part Shade
Soil
Well Drained
Water
Moderate
Hardiness
Zone Zones 3a–8b
Bloom Time
Non-flowering
Origin
Newfoundland to Manitoba, south to Georgia and Iowa

Phenological Calendar

Stage Typical Window
New growth flush BBCH 11 Feb 15-Mar 15
Bloom start BBCH 61 May 1-May 31
Bloom end / petal fall BBCH 69 May 15-Jun 15
Fruit/seed development BBCH 71 Jun 1-Aug 31
Fruit/seed maturity BBCH 85 Sep 1-Nov 30

Diseases (26)

Pests (23)

Cultivars (10)

'Alba'
Common name: Alba (Eastern) White Pine
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Fastigiata'
Common name: Fastigiata (Eastern) White Pine Upright (Eastern) White Pine; Mature height: 40 ft
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Ground Hugger'
Common name: Ground Hugger Eastern White Pine
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Louie'
Common name: Louie (Eastern) White Pine; Mature height: 25 ft
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Macopin'
Common name: Macopin (Eastern) White Pine
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Nana'
Common name: Dwarf (Eastern) White Pine
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Pendula'
Common name: Weeping (Eastern) White Pine
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Sea Urchin'
Common name: Sea Urchin (Eastern) White Pine
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Torulosa'
Common name: Twisted (Eastern) White Pine
Hardy to USDA Zone 3
'Verkades Broom'
Common name: Verkade's Broom (Eastern) White Pine Verkade's Witchbroom
Hardy to USDA Zone 3