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Willow

Quercus phellos

Fagaceae · broadleaf · introduced

Willow oak is the oak that does not look like an oak, the narrow, unlobed, willow-like leaves create a fine-textured canopy that is more reminiscent of a willow than any oak you have seen before. The effect is graceful and lighter than the bold, lobed foliage of most oaks. It grows sixty to seventy-five feet with a pyramidal form when young, becoming rounded with age. The fall color is yellow to bronze. Native from New York to Florida and west to Illinois and Texas, it is one of the most popular street trees in the eastern United States.

In Western Washington, willow oak is less commonly planted than pin oak or red oak but grows well in full sun with moist, acidic, well-drained soil. It is faster-growing than most oaks and more tolerant of urban conditions. The fine texture makes it a good shade tree where a lighter canopy is desired. No significant disease or pest concerns are tracked in this region. For a large shade tree with the longevity and structural integrity of an oak but the refined, fine-textured foliage of a willow, willow oak offers a distinctly different aesthetic in the regional tree palette.

Quick Facts

Height
50–60 ft
Spread
32 ft
Growth Rate
Fast
Light
Full Sun
Soil
Wet Tolerant
Water
High
Hardiness
Zone Zones 5a–8b
Bloom Time
April
Origin
from New York to Florida, west to Missouri and Texas

Phenological Calendar

Stage Typical Window
Bud break BBCH 07 Feb 15-Mar 15
Leaf emergence BBCH 11 Mar 1-Apr 1
Bloom start BBCH 61 Apr 1-Apr 30
Bloom end / petal fall BBCH 69 Apr 15-May 15
Fruit/seed development BBCH 71 Jun 1-Aug 31
Fruit/seed maturity BBCH 85 Sep 1-Nov 30
Fall color / leaf senescence BBCH 93 Oct 1-Nov 15
Dormancy BBCH 97 Nov 15-Feb 28

Diseases (23)

Pests (27)