Monarch Birch

Betula maximowicziana

Betulaceae · broadleaf deciduous tree · introduced

Last updated April 25, 2026

Quick Facts

Height

45 ft

Growth Rate

Fast

Light

Full Sun

Soil

Well Drained To Moist

Water

Moderate

Hardiness

Zone Zones 5a–8b

Fall Color

Gold, yellow

Origin

northern Japan

RustHigh

Aecial Stage (Alternate Host)

Wood DecayHigh

Wound Infection Window

Birch leafminerHigh

Adult Emergence

Oystershell scaleHigh

Crawler Emergence

+ 4 more — see full disease and pest lists below

Diseases: Regionally Documented (3)

Multiple genera (Melampsoridium, Thekopsora, Naohidemyces... Rust Symptom category — not a single disease Canker Multiple Basidiomycete fungi cause wood decay in trees Wood Decay

Pests: Regionally Documented (9)

Agrilus anxius Bronze birch borer Fenusa pusilla Birch leafminer Aphidoidea Aphid Lepidosaphes ulmi Oystershell scale Choreutis pariana Apple-and-thorn skeletonizer Prionoxystus robiniae Carpenterworm Hyphantria cunea Fall webworm Symphyta Sawfly Malacosoma spp. Tent caterpillar

Data Maturity

Structured Multiple sources. Expert review underway.