Euopean Ash

Fraxinus excelsior

Oleaceae · broadleaf deciduous tree · introduced

Last updated May 27, 2026

Plant Profile

Size & Form

Height

98 ft

Spread

65 ft

Growth Rate

Fast

Site Requirements

Light

Full Sun

Soil Drainage

Wet Tolerant

Soil pH

alkaline

Water

High

Drought Tolerance

Moderate

Hardiness

Zones 5a–8b

Ornamental Interest

Bloom Time

April to May

Fall Color

Yellow

Origin

British Isles, Europe and Caucasus, cultivated for centuries

Verticillium WiltHigh

Root Colonization Period

AphidHigh

Peak Population & Dispersal

Fall webwormHigh

Larval Feeding & Web Building

Oystershell scaleHigh

Crawler Emergence

+ 5 more — see full disease and pest lists below

Diseases: Regionally Documented (8)

Neonectria ditissima Nectria Canker Discula destructiva (dogwood), Kabatiella and Discula spp... Anthracnose Coin Canker Symptom category — not a single disease Leaf Spot Mistletoe Phytophthora syringae Phytophthora Canker Verticillium dahliae Verticillium Wilt Sclerotinia spp. White Mottled Rot

Pests: Regionally Documented (8)

Ash borer Aphidoidea Aphid Prionoxystus robiniae Carpenterworm Hyphantria cunea Fall webworm Parthenolecanium spp. Lecanium scale Caloptilia syringella Lilac leafminer Lepidosaphes ulmi Oystershell scale Coccoidea Scale insect

Pests: Other Associations (1)

Agrilus planipennis Emerald ash borer

Cultivars (2)

'Golden Cloud'

Common name: Golden Cloud Ash; Mature height: 30–40 ft

Hardy to USDA Zone 5

'Golden Desert'

Common name: Golden Desert Ash; Mature height: 30 ft

Hardy to USDA Zone 5

Data Maturity

Structured Multiple sources. Expert review underway.