Black Cottonwood

'Leaf emergence'

Populus trichocarpa

Salicaceae · broadleaf deciduous tree · native

Last updated

Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae) is a massive deciduous tree native to western North America from Alaska to Baja California, growing primarily along rivers and in bottomlands. It is the tallest broadleaf tree in the region, capable of exceeding 150 feet. The heart-shaped leaves are dark green above and silvery beneath, and the resinous buds are intensely fragrant in spring.

Black cottonwood grows rapidly in full sun on moist to wet soils along rivers and floodplains. It is valued for riparian restoration and shade but is problematic near structures and infrastructure due to invasive roots, brittle wood, and the abundant cotton from female trees. The species is important for wildlife habitat and streambank stabilization. Hardy in Zones 6a to 8b.

Quick Facts

Height
60-100 ft (typical open-grown); 150-200 ft (wild old-growth). Source: OSU (to 150 ft/45m), USDA Plant Guide (30-60 m)
Spread
39 ft
Growth Rate
Fast
Light
Full Sun
Soil
Moist
Water
High
Hardiness
Zone Zones 3a–8b
Fall Color
Yellow
Origin
Western North America
Watch for this season

Spring Infection Period

Spring Canker Activation

Spring Spore Germination and Infection

Oystershell scaleHigh

Crawler Emergence

+ 8 more — see full disease and pest lists below

Phenological Calendar

As of May 13, 2026, Puget Sound stations range from 1906.2 to 2098.2 GDD₃₂. Black Cottonwood has passed 'leaf emergence' (1144 GDD₃₂).

Regional Season Tracker

GDD₃₂ accumulation across 7 Puget Sound stations · as of May 13, 2026
Station GDD₃₂ Current Stage Next To Go
Issaquah / East King 2,098 'Leaf emergence'
Kent / Auburn 2,089 'Leaf emergence'
Seattle / UW 2,063 'Leaf emergence'
Olympia / Tumwater 2,025 'Leaf emergence'
Tacoma / Puyallup 1,993 'Leaf emergence'
Bellingham / Whatcom 1,972 'Leaf emergence'
Sequim / Rain Shadow 1,906 'Leaf emergence'
Stage GDD32 Typical Window
'Bud break' BBCH '07' 737 'Feb-Mar'
'Flower buds visible' BBCH '51' 'Feb-Mar'
'First bloom' BBCH '61' 1006 'Mar-Apr'
'Full bloom / pollen release' BBCH '65' 894 'Mar-May'
'Leaf emergence' BBCH '11' NOW 1144 'Apr-May'

Source: 'NPN citizen science observations (WA+OR), n=5, median (pollen_release phase). Low confidence due to small sample. services.usanpn.org' About GDD₃₂ →

Season tracker for Kent / Auburn as of May 13, 2026. Predicted dates use 16-day weather forecast through May 29, 2026, then climate normals.

Diseases: Regionally Documented (17)

Pests: Regionally Documented (14)

Data Maturity
Structured Multiple sources. Expert review underway.