Holly
Quercus ilex
Fagaceae · broadleaf evergreen tree · introduced
Last updated
Plant Profile
Size & Form
Height
82 ft
Spread
65 ft
Growth Rate
Slow
Site Requirements
Light
Full Sun to Shade
Soil Drainage
Moist
Soil pH
4.5-8.5
Water
Moderate
Drought Tolerance
Moderate
Hardiness
Zones 7a–8b
Ornamental Interest
Bloom Time
April to May
Origin
southern Europe and northwest Africa (Mediterranean
Watch for this season
Cytospora CankerHigh
Peak Spore Production and Dispersal
Powdery MildewHigh
Active Conidial Spread
Anthracnose (Shade Trees)Moderate
Active Infection & Secondary Spread
Armillaria Root RotModerate
Active Below-ground Growth
+ 5 more — see full disease and pest lists below
Diseases: Regionally Documented (16)
Several factors Red Leaf Spotting Phytophthora leaf & twig blight Green algae Green Algae Many commercial Boron Deficiency Cytospora spp. (Valsa spp., Leucostoma spp.) Cytospora Canker Microstroma album Frosty Mildew Ganoderma applanatum Ganoderma Root and Butt Rot Pseudoinonotus dryadeus Inonotus Root and Butt Rot Taphrina spp. Leaf Blister Mistletoe Neonectria ditissima Nectria Canker Multiple obligate biotrophic fungi (Erysiphales: Erysipha... Powdery Mildew Inonotus dryophilus White Pocket Rot (Piped Rot) Discula destructiva (dogwood), Kabatiella and Discula spp... Anthracnose Armillaria spp. — primarily A Armillaria Root Rot Ramorum Blight (Sudden Oak Death)
Pests: Regionally Documented (20)
Parthenolecanium spp. Lecanium scale Pulvinaria floccifera Cottony camellia scale Coccus hesperidum Brown soft scale Argyrotaenia franciscana Orange tortrix Phytomyza ilicis Holly leafminer Rhopobota naevana Holly bud moth Andricus quercuscalifornicus California Gallfly Neuroterus saltatorius Jumping Oak Gall Various (Cynipidae, Cecidomyiidae, Eriophyidae, Psyllidae) Leaf galls Phylloxera spp. Oak leaf phylloxera Bucculatrix albertiella Oak Ribbed Casemaker Platycotis vittata Oak Treehoppers Asterolecanium spp. Pit scale Stem Gall Looper Prionoxystus robiniae Carpenterworm Oak gall wasp Bucculatrix ainsliella Oak skeletonizer Edwardsiana rosae Rose leafhopper Various (Cynipidae, Cecidomyiidae, Eriophyidae) Leaf and twig gall
Data Maturity Structured Multiple sources. Expert review underway.