Witches' Broom

Taphrina wiesneri

163 host plants · Fungal

Last updated

Data Maturity Structured

This profile synthesizes data from multiple published sources. Expert field review is in progress.

When you spot abnormal branch growth that resembles a broom or bird's nest on cherry, hazelnut, or juniper, you're likely seeing witches' broom. The infected branch produces many short, slender twigs packed densely together, creating a distinctive dense tuft that stands out against normal branching patterns. These brooms rarely set fruit and have fewer flowers than healthy branches. The base of the broom is swollen and thicker than the normal branch, making it easy to trace where the infection begins.

This disease is incurable once established in a branch, so your only real option is removal. Trace the main stem of the broom back to where it emerges from the normal branch, then cut at least 12 inches below that point to remove all infected tissue. Make the cut into healthy wood to prevent regrowth from an infected stump. Pruning out brooms early before they spread to new branches keeps the problem manageable and preserves tree structure and fruit production.

Quick Reference

Agent Type
fungal
Causal Agent
Taphrina wiesneri
Host Plants
163
Spread
Ascospores from infected branch tissue lodge on buds during late summer-fall....
Favorable Conditions
Cool, wet spring weather (48-61°F) during bud swell triggers germination of o...

Management

Vulnerability Window

Bud swell through early growth stage (late February-March in western Washington). Single infection window per branch: 2-3 weeks during cool, wet spring when buds are swelling. Once infected, a branch remains permanently diseased and exhibits symptoms every spring. (Source: PNW Plant Disease Management Handbook)

What Triggers Infection

Cool, wet spring weather (48-61°F) during bud swell triggers germination of overwintered ascospores and infection of branch tissue. Single, narrow infection window in spring. Once a branch is infected, no additional weather triggers needed — the fungus persists systemically in that branch indefinitely. (Source: Taphrina wiesneri phenology; PNW Plant Disease Management Handbook)

Cultural Controls

  • Remove branches several inches below the base of the broom.
  • Reference Booth, C. 1983.
  • Exobasidium vaccinii.
  • CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, No. 778.
  • Surrey, England: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

Host Plants (163)

Corylus americana American Hazel, American Filbert Corylus avellana Common Filbert Corylus chinensis Chinese Hazel Corylus colurna Turkish Hazel Corylus cornuta var. californica Western Hazel, California Hazel, Western Beaked Hazel Corylus heterophylla Siberian Hazelnut Asian Hazel Juniperus californica California Juniper, California White Cedar, Desert White Cedar Juniperus cedrus Canary Island Juniper Juniperus chinensis Chinese Juniper Juniperus communis Common Juniper Juniperus conferta Juniperus conferta Juniperus deppeana Alligator Juniper, Checkered-bark Juniper Juniperus formosana Formosan Juniper Juniperus grey Juniperus grey Juniperus horizontalis Creeping Juniper Juniperus monosperma Oneseed Juniper Juniperus occidentalis Western Juniper Juniperus osteosperma Utah Juniper Juniperus pingii Ping Juniper Juniperus procumbens Japanese Garden Juniper, Bonin Island Juniper, Ibuki Juniper Juniperus rigida Temple Juniper, Needle Juniper Juniperus rigida subsp. conferta Shore Juniper Juniperus sabina Savin Juniper Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain Juniper Juniperus squamata Singleseed Juniper, Flaky Juniper, gao shan bai Juniperus virginiana Eastern Redcedar Pencil Cedar Prunus armeniaca Apricot Prunus cerasifera Cherry, Plum Prunus laurocerasus Cherry, Laurel Prunus mume Japanese Apricotc Japanese Flowering Apricot Japanese Flowering Plum Rhododendron 'Elizabeth' Elizabeth Rhododendron Rhododendron 'Purple Gem' Purple Gem Rhododendron Rhododendron airy Rhododendron, airy Rhododendron alabamense Alabama Azalea Rhododendron alice Alice Rhododendron Rhododendron anah Rhododendron, anah Rhododendron anna Rhododendron, anna Rhododendron april Rhododendron, april Rhododendron arboreum subsp. cinnamomeum Cinnamon Rhododendron Rhododendron argosy Argosy Rhododendron Rhododendron augustinii Augustine Rhododendron Rhododendron auriculatum No common name (R. auriculatum) Rhododendron beauty Rhododendron, beauty Rhododendron bibiani Bibiani Rhododendron Rhododendron blue Rhododendron, blue Rhododendron boule Rhododendron, boule Rhododendron bow Rhododendron, bow Rhododendron bric Rhododendron, bric Rhododendron bureavii Bureau Rhododendron Rhododendron campylocarpum subsp. coloxanthum Coloxanthum Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rhododendron Rhododendron cheer Cheer Rhododendron Rhododendron chevalier Rhododendron, chevalier Rhododendron christmas Rhododendron, christmas Rhododendron cinnabarinum Cinnabar Rhododendron Rhododendron concinnum Concinnum Rhododendron Rhododendron cotton Rhododendron, cotton Rhododendron crater Rhododendron, crater Rhododendron crest Crest Rhododendron Rhododendron cunninghams Rhododendron, cunninghams Rhododendron cynthia Cynthia Rhododendron Rhododendron daphnoides Daphnoides Rhododendron Rhododendron dauricum Dauricum Rhododendron Rhododendron davidsonianum Davidsonianum Rhododendron Rhododendron day Rhododendron, day Rhododendron deciduous Rhododendron, deciduous Rhododendron defines Rhododendron, defines Rhododendron delaware Rhododendron, delaware Rhododendron dora Rhododendron, dora Rhododendron dreamland Dreamland Rhrododendron Rhododendron el Rhododendron, el Rhododendron elisabeth Rhododendron, elisabeth Rhododendron falconeri subsp. falconeri Falconer Rhododendron Rhododendron fantastic Fantastic Rhododendron Rhododendron formosum var. formosum Formosum Rhododendron Rhododendron forrestii subsp. forrestii Forrest Rhododendron Rhododendron fortunei subsp. discolor Fortune Discolor, Discolor Rhododendron Rhododendron frilly Rhododendron, frilly Rhododendron gartendirektor Rhododendron, gartendirektor Rhododendron girards Rhododendron, girards Rhododendron goldflimmer Goldflimmer Rhododendron Rhododendron grace Rhododendron, grace Rhododendron groenlandicum Labrador-tea, Labrador Tea Rhododendron haematodes subsp. haematodes Haematodes Rhododendron Rhododendron hallelujha Hallelujah Rhododendron Rhododendron hanceanum Hanceanum Rhododendron Rhododendron hardijzer Rhododendron, hardijzer Rhododendron harry Rhododendron, harry Rhododendron hino Rhododendron, hino Rhododendron hinode Rhododendron, hinode Rhododendron hippophaeoides var. hippophaeoides Hippophaeoides Rhododendron Rhododendron hodgsonii Hodgson Rhododendron Rhododendron honourable Rhododendron, honourable Rhododendron horizon Rhododendron, horizon Rhododendron hotei Hotei Rhododendron Rhododendron irroratum Irroratum Rhododendron Rhododendron jock Jock Rhododendron Rhododendron johnstoneanum Rhododendron, johnstoneanum Rhododendron keiskei Keiskei Rhododendron, Keisuki Rhododendron Rhododendron ken Rhododendron, ken Rhododendron kiusianum Kiusianum Azalea, Kyushu Azalea Rhododendron lacteum Lacteum Rhododendron Rhododendron lees Rhododendron, lees Rhododendron lems Rhododendron, lems Rhododendron lights Rhododendron, lights Rhododendron loderi Rhododendron, loderi Rhododendron luteiflorum Luteiflorum Rhododendron Rhododendron lutescens Lutescens Rhododendron Rhododendron luteum Pontic or Pontica Azalea Rhododendron macabeanum Macabeanum Rhododendron Rhododendron macrophyllum Pacific Rhododendron Rhododendron moonstone Moonstone Rhododendron Rhododendron mrs Rhododendron, mrs Rhododendron mucronulatum Rhododendron, mucronulatum Rhododendron myrtifolium Myrtifolium Rhododendron Rhododendron niveum Niveum Rhododendron Rhododendron northern Rhododendron, northern Rhododendron occidentale Western Azalea Rhododendron orbiculare subsp. orbiculare Obiculare Rhododendron Rhododendron orchid Rhododendron, orchid Rhododendron oreotrephes Oreotrephes Rhododendron Rhododendron oudijks Rhododendron, oudijks Rhododendron pachytrichum Pachytrichum Rhododendron Rhododendron peekaboo Peekaboo Rhododendron Rhododendron pink Rhododendron, pink Rhododendron pioneer Rhododendron, pioneer Rhododendron pjm P.J.M. Rhododendron Rhododendron point Rhododendron, point Rhododendron ponticum Rhododendron, ponticum Rhododendron president Rhododendron, president Rhododendron prinophyllum Roseshell Azalea, Pinkshell Azalea Rhododendron prunifolium Plumleaf Azalea Rhododendron quinquefolium Quinquefolium Azalea Rhododendron racemosum Racemosum Rhododendron Rhododendron ramapo Ramapo Rhododendron Rhododendron rosamundi Rosamundi Rhododendron Rhododendron roseum Rhododendron, roseum Rhododendron rosy Rhododendron, rosy Rhododendron roxieanum var. oreonasters No common name Rhododendron rubiginosum Rubiginosum Rhododendron Rhododendron sappho Sappho Rhododendron Rhododendron scarlet Rhododendron, scarlet Rhododendron schlippenbachii Royal Azalea Rhododendron serpyllifolium Wild Thyme, Azalea Rhododendron serpyllifolium var. albifolrum White Wild Thyme, Azalea Rhododendron sinofalconeri Sinofalconer Rhododendron Rhododendron sinogrande Sinogrande Rhododendron Rhododendron smirnowii Smirnow Rhododendron Rhododendron snow Rhododendron, snow Rhododendron stenopetalum Rhododendron, stenopetalum Rhododendron taurus Taurus Rhododendron Rhododendron temple Rhododendron, temple Rhododendron thomsonii subsp. thomsonii Thomson Rhododendron Rhododendron tri Rhododendron, tri Rhododendron trilby Trilby Rhododendron Rhododendron unique Unique Rhododendron Rhododendron vulcan Vulcan Rhododendron Rhododendron wardii Ward Rhododendron Rhododendron white Rhododendron, white Rhododendron wiltonii Wilton Rhododendron Rhododendron winsome Winsome Rhododendron Rhododendron yakushimanum Yak Rhododendron Solanum aviculare Kangaroo Apple